The diamond is one of the most famous and valuable gemstones. Here are its key characteristics:
• Formation: Diamonds form deep within the Earth—at depths of about 150 to 300 kilometers—under extreme pressure and high temperatures from pure carbon. They reach the Earth’s surface through volcanic processes.
• Hardness: It is the hardest natural material in the world and reaches a maximum rating of 10 on the Mohs hardness scale. For this reason, it is used not only as a gemstone but also in industry (e.g., for cutting or drilling tools).
• Appearance: Pure diamonds are colorless and transparent, but can also exhibit hues such as blue, yellow, pink, or green—so-called fancy diamonds.
• Luster: The typical “diamond luster” is caused by its very high refractive index (about 2.42), which strongly reflects light and creates the characteristic sparkle.
• Symbolism: The diamond traditionally symbolizes purity, eternity, strength, and love—which is why it is particularly popular for engagement rings.
• Grading: Diamonds are graded according to the so-called 4 Cs:
o Carat (weight)
o Color
o Clarity
o Cut
